Topographic conditions and physical activity behaviour of young adults in Austria

In Austria there is an east-west divide concerning the amount of physical activity that has been detected. This is associated with poorer health in the eastern region of Austria compared to the western. Experts think that differences in topographic conditions might be a reason for these differences. However this hypothesis until now has not been scientifically proven. This study incorporates a multi-staged approach. First, outdoor physical activity behaviour (levels of exercise, favourite activities etc.) among people aged between 18-35 and living in Burgenland (n=150), as well as levels of physical activity in general, were compared with those of people at the same age living in Tyrol (n=150), by using a semi-standardized quantitative online-survey. To determine if differences between these two groups were significant the chi-squared test was used. In addition satisfaction with opportunities for outdoor physical exercise, motives, barriers and wishes concerning design of green spaces were analysed. Finally experts, working in the field of physical activity promotion (n=9), discussed within a focus group how to implement results into practice. The hypothesis that topographic conditions have an influence on physical activity behaviour was confirmed. For example, people living in Tyrol are more likely to engage in mountain sports than those living in Burgenland, while Nordic Walking is more popular in Burgenland compared to Tyrol (P<0.05). The results also show that people living in Tyrol are more physically active in general (P<0.05) as well as do more outdoor sport than people living in Burgenland (P<0.05). In addition some barriers as well as need for action could be identified in both regions. The natural environment influences levels of physical activity as well as sport activities among local populations. However differences in topographic conditions are not like to be the only reason for east-west differences concerning levels and forms of physical activity. Expert recommendations need to be implemented in the future. Further research needs to be conducted to examine the role of other potential explanations for east-west differences

HIV-fertőzött személyek neurokognitív eltérései - hazai prevalenciavizsgálat előzetes eredményei

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The outcome of HIV infection has dramatically improved due to the widespread use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Opportunistic infections faded and internal and hemato-oncological diseases along with neurological conditions came to the forth. Present study is to evaluate neurocognitive performance of the Hungarian HIV infected individuals, at first in this setting Patients and methods - We performed this cross-sectional pilot study within the frames of a national, single-center; prospective study on group of HIV infected patients, analyzing medical data and neurocognitive performance. Based on international recommendations visual memory, visuomotor coordination, non-verbal learning ability, executive functions and reaction time were tested by six domains of a computerized neuropsychological test battery (Vienna Test System). RESULTS: Data of 59 enrolled HIV individuals were analysed; nine of whom were women (15%), median age 42.6 (IQR: 32.4-48.1) years. In 32.2% (n=19) of patients neurocognitive impairment was detected. Duration of infection and cART treatment time tended to be longer in impaired group (not significant). Lower CD4 cell count at the time of examination (p=0.047), psychiatric diseases other than depression (p=0.005) were found significantly associated with impairment; tertiary education qualification were more common (p=0.033) among non-affected patients. By correlation analysis age, infected time and duration of cART were significantly associated with motor deficit. CONCLUSION: HAND was detected in almost one third part of examined patients, which largely corresponds that in developed countries were observed. Duration of infection and of cART therapy associated motor deficit was found to be the most common impairment. This finding might be interpreted by direct effect of HIV, neurotoxicity of antiretro virals and also by accelerated ageing of this population

Characteristics of Cultivated Adult Human Nevocellular Nevus Cells

Nevus cells are of biologic interest because of their uncertain relationship to epidermal melanocytes and of clinical interest because of their statistical association with melanoma. We report a technique that allows reliable cultivation of nevus cells from small acquired and congenital nevi and permits in vitro characterization of this cell type. Morphologically, cultured nevus cells were found to closely resemble epidermal melanocytes from the same or comparably aged donors, manifesting marked dendricity and specific ultrastructural features characteristic of melanocytes; but could be distinguished by the presence of occasional large binucleate or trinucleate cells and by the frequent finding of grouped melanosomes in nevus cell cytoplasm. Growth kinetics were also similar for nevus cells and epidermal melanocytes, with population doubling times of 1-2 weeks in hormone-supplemented serum-fre-medium, and substantial growth enhancement by fetal bovine serum. As previously noted for epidermal melanocytes, nevus cells in serum-free culture demonstrated striking substrate responsiveness, with far greater attachment rates and degree of cytoplasmic spreading on fibronectin or type I/III collagen than on laminin, type IV collage, or uncoated plastic. These strong similarities in vitro suggest that morphologic and behavioral differences observed between epidermal melanocytes and nevus cells in the skin may result from local environmental influences rather than from intrinsic cellular differences. The availability of a satisfactory culture system for nevus cells may facilitate future investigations into their malignant potential and other biologic features

Making SDGs work for climate change hotspots

The impacts of climate change on people's livelihoods have been widely documented. It is expected that climate and environmental change will hamper poverty reduction, or even exacerbate poverty in some or all of its dimensions. Changes in the biophysical environment, such as droughts, flooding, water quantity and quality, and degrading ecosystems, are expected to affect opportunities for people to generate income. These changes, combined with a deficiency in coping strategies and innovation to adapt to particular climate change threats, are in turn likely to lead to increased economic and social vulnerability of households and communities, especially amongst the poorest

Controlled exercise as a tool for preventing obesity and metabolic diseases in Arg64 carrier women.

Genética y ejercicio

Accelerating progress towards the Zero Hunger Goal in cross-boundary climate change hotspots

The most recent 2017 United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals progress report highlighted the need to accelerate the pace of progress in order for the Sustainable Development Goals to be fully achieved. Responding to these concerns, the present commen tary proposes four distinct, but interrelated approaches to accelerate the Zero Hunger G oal in transboundary climate change hotspots, regions which suffer from multiple stressors and vulnerabilities, and in which prevalence of food insecurity and malnutrition often remains disproportionately high. These conceptual, programmatic and policy approaches are discussed drawing from a newly developed conceptual framework and referring to specific examples from climate change hotspots around the world

Influence of ADRB2 Gln27Glu and ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphisms on body weight and body composition changes after a controlled weight-loss intervention

The ?-2 and ?-3 adrenergic receptors (ADRB2 and ADRB3) are thought to play a role in energy expenditure and lipolysis. However, the effects of the ADRB2 glutamine (Gln) 27 glutamic acid (glutamate) (Glu) and ADRB3 tryptophan (Trp) 64 arginine (Arg) polymorphisms on weight loss remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these polymorphisms on changes in weight and body composition during a controlled weight-loss program. One hundred seventy-three healthy overweight and obese participants (91 women, 82 men) aged 18?50 years participated in a 22-week-long intervention based on a hypocaloric diet and exercise. They were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: strength, endurance, strength and endurance combined, and physical activity recommendations only. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body composition variables were assessed before and after the intervention. Genetic analysis was carried out according to standard protocols. No effect of the ADRB2 gene was shown on final weight, BMI, or body composition, although in the supervised male group, Glu27 carriers tended to have greater weight (p = 0.019, 2.5 kg) and BMI (p = 0.019, 0.88 kg/m2) reductions than did noncarriers. There seems to be an individual effect of the ADRB3 polymorphism on fat mass (p = 0.004) and fat percentage (p = 0.036), in addition to an interaction with exercise for fat mass (p = 0.038). After the intervention, carriers of the Arg64 allele had a greater fat mass and fat percentage than did noncarriers (p = 0.004, 2.8 kg). In conclusion, the ADRB2 Gln27Glu and ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphisms may influence weight loss and body composition, although the current evidence is weak; however, further studies are necessary to clarify their roles

Analiza metod diagnostycznych wycieku z brodawki sutkowej u pacjentek poddanych leczeniu operacyjnemu

Background: Spontaneous, one-ductal nipple discharge can be a symptom of intraductal breast hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to assess nipple discharge diagnostic methods and the established diagnostictherapeutic rules in these cases. Material/Methods: 81 women (18-79 years old) were examined at the RCO in Bydgoszcz. Each patient underwent a clinical medical examination, USG, mammography (for patients > 35 years old), galactography, and cytological examination o f nipple discharge. We analyzed the results o f these methods and compared them with histopathological results of operated patients. Results: In 20 of the 81 cases, breast changes were palpable. These could be visualized in 39/81 cases using USG and in 12/73 using mammography. Using galactography, we had diagnostic results in 78/81 cases, the most common symptom being a "filling” defect.. We found 54 papilloma intraductale and 4 carcinoma cases. Conclusions: Galactography is an indispensable diagnostic method in nipple discharge. The main cause of nipple discharge is papilloma

A prospective, single-arm, open-label, non-randomized, phase IIa trial of a nonavalent prophylactic HPV vaccine to assess immunogenicity of a prime and deferred-booster dosing schedule among 9-11 year-old girls and boys - clinical protocol

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are indicated for the prevention of cancers and genital warts caused by vaccine-covered HPV types. Although the standard regimen requires a two or three-dose vaccine series, there is emerging data suggesting that a single dose of the bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccine generates persistently positive antibody titers. No similar data is yet available for the nonavalent HPV vaccine, currently the only HPV vaccine available in the United States. The overall objective of our study is to assess the stability and kinetics of antibody titers for 24months following a single dose of the nonavalent HPV vaccine among preteen girls and boys. Methods This is a prospective, single-arm, open-label, non-randomized, Phase IIa trial among 9-11year-old girls and boys to determine the immunogenicity after a single dose of the nonavalent HPV vaccine (GARDASIL (R) 9) over 24months, with a deferred booster dose at 24months and an optional booster at 30months after the first dose. Participants provide blood specimens at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30months after the first dose. Serologic geometric mean titers (GMT) of the nine vaccine types (HPV 16/18/ 6/11/31/33/45/52/58) will be measured at each time point. The primary objective is to determine the stability of type-specific serologic GMT of HPV16 and HPV18 between the 6- vs. 12-month, 12- vs. 18-month, and 18- vs. 24-month visits. Secondary objectives are to determine the stability of type-specific serologic GMT of the other HPV types (HPV 6/11/31/33/45/52/58) between the visits and to assess safety and reactogenicity after each vaccine dose. Discussion Single dose HPV vaccination could simplify the logistics and reduce costs of HPV vaccination in the US and across the world. This study will contribute important immunogenicity data on the stability and kinetics of type-specific antibody titers and inform feasibility of the single dose HPV vaccination paradigm.National Cancer Institute [HHSN26100009, CA023074]Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Inhibition of PI-3-K and AKT Amplifies Kv1.3 Inhibitor-Induced Death of Human T Leukemia Cells

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